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r w x

4 2 1

7=r+w+x

6=r+w

5=r+x

Shrink partition with resize2fs
'resize2fs' to get the desired filesystem size
'tune2fs -l' to determine the filesystem look for 'Block size' and 'Block count'

tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1

'parted' to determine the partition's 'Start' sector (first set 'unit' to 's'), unit s,

Compute the partition 'End' sector:
'End' = 'Start' + (('Block size' * 'Block count') / 512) - 1

'parted' to resize the partition using the computed 'End' value (first set 'unit' to 's')

'parted /dev/sdX resizepart 2 <new_last_sector_number>s
(See 'man resize2fs' and 'man parted' for command details)
blkid, vim /etc/fstab, systemctl daemon-reload, lsblk

resize2fs /dev/sdb1 250G 
tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1 - Block count: 65536000, First block: 0, Block size: 4096

qalc

2048 + ((4096 × 65536000) / 512) − 1 = 524290047

parted

parted /dev/sdb, unit s, print, (parted) resizepart 1 524290047, e2fsck -f /dev/sdb1

modify image

inspection;
fdisk -l raw_img_file.img 
mount -o loop offset=1048576(start sector*512) raw_img_file.img /mnt/img 
umount /mnt/img,   

Add space to the image; 
df -h /mnt/img 
parted raw_img_file.img 
print free 
quit 
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=512 >> raw_img_file.img pated raw_img_file.img, unit s, resizepart 1 2444222s (last sector 's')
print free
kpartx -av raw_img_file.img 
ls /dev/mapper
e2fsck -f -y -v -C 0 /dev/mapper/loop0p1
resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/loop0p1
kpartx -d raw_img_file.img
umount /mnt/img
kpartx -d raw_img_file.img 
kpartx -av raw_img.file.img, mount /dev/mapper/loop0p1 /mnt/img 
chroot short version
mount -t proc proc /mnt/img/proc
mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/img/sys
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/img/dev
mount -t devpts pts /mnt/img/dev/pts
chroot /mnt/img
exit

umount /mnt/img/dev/pts
umount /mnt/img/dev
umount /mnt/img/sys
umount /mnt/img/proc
umount /mnt/img
kpartx -d raw_img_file.img

shrinking .img

umount /dev/sdc1 umount /mnt/sdc2dd if=/dev/sdc of=my_image.img modprobe loop
losetup -f 
losetup /dev/loop0 my_image.img
prtprobe /dev/loop0
gparted /dev/loop0
resize, losetup -d/dev/loop0 (deattach)
find last sector fdisk -l my_image.img 
   The last block was 9181183 and block-numbers start at 0. That means we need (9181183+1)*512 bytes. truncate --size=$[(9181183+1+33)*512] my_image.img,  

– 33 extra sectors are needed for the backup GPT partition tablem use gdisk my_image.img and then use the w command to repair the partition table.

– if GPT backup partition table at the end of the disk was already removed, there is fix. Add 33 sectors with dd if=/dev/zero bs=512 count=33 >> myimage.img. And fix it with gdisk myimage.img and use w command.

or parted /dev/loop0, print, unit s,
resizepart 2(1) 111111s (to sector), quit

Short version of cryptsteup open, mount, umount, cryptsetup close

- blkid | grep crypto

cryptsetup open /dev/nvme0n1p2 secret
mount /dev/mapper/secret /mnt/secret
umount /mnt/secret
crypstsetup close secret

Crypt partition with cryptsetup;

* cryptsetup loksFormat /dev/sdd2 <-- format drive 
* cryptsetup open /dev/sdd2 luks
* mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/luks
* crypsteup mount /dev/mapper/luks /mnt/luks
* crypsetup open /dev/sdd2 luks

* cryptsetup status luks
* umount /mnt/luks
* cryptsetup close luks

* crypsetup luksChangeKey /dev/sdd2

Include and exclude with rsync -avv –include-from.

So here is a ultra short howto. First have to be the pluses (include) of the map end then the minuses (exclude).

rsync -avv –include-from=’rsync_home_apr25′ /home/bob/ /media/backup/experiment/

rsync_home_apr25

+ include_file1
+ include_file2
+ include_map/
+ .config/foot
+ .config/mpv
- .config/*
+ map/
+ map/under_map1
+ map/under_map2
- map/*
- /*